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imam ali and political leadership
"
A Word to the Readers
Introduction
(۱) Politics in the Two Schools of Thought
Umayyad Politics
The Politics of Imām Ali (a.s.)
Imām Ali’s (a.s.) Reforms
Policies of Imām Ali (a.s.) in Confrontation with Deviations
The Policy of Administrative and Economic Reformation
The Policy of Cultural Reformation
(۲) Ruling over the Hearts
One: Administrative Policies
۱. Honesty in Politics
۲. Truth-Oriented
۳. Adherence to Law
۴. Administrative Discipline
۵. Appointment of Competent and Capable Administrators
۶. Providing the Administrators with Their Financial Needs
۷. Special Care for the Armed Forces
۸. Necessity for Setting up an Establishment…
۹. Prevention of Gifts
۱۰. Decisiveness together with Tolerance
Two: Cultural Policies
۱. Development of Education
۲. Reforming the Culture
۳. Criticism, Yes! Flattery, Never!
۴. Imām Ali’s (a.s.) Reaction to Destructive Criticisms
۵. Adherence to Truth, rather than to Personalities
Three: Economic Policies
۱. Promotion of Work Ethos
۲. Agricultural Development
۳. Development of Crafts
۴. Development of Trade
۵. Direct Supervision of the Market
۶. Fair Levying of Taxes
۷. Not Delaying the Distribution of Public Assets
۸. People’s Equal Enjoyment of Public Assets
۹. Provision of Basic Needs of Life for All
۱۰. Prohibition of Giving Gifts from the Public Assets
۱۱. Prevention of Granting Privileges to One’s Kin
۱۲. Economization with Public Assets
Four: Social Policies
۱. Social Justice
۲. Safeguarding People’s Rights
The Mutual Rights of People and Leadership
۳. Development of Legitimate and Constructive Freedoms
۴. To Care about People
۵. Protecting the Oppressed
۶. Setting up a Complaints Box (Baytul Qisas)
۷. Attempts to Create Empathy and Unity in the Society
Five: Judiciary Policies
۱. Appointment of Qualified Judges for Juridical Posts
۲. Providing for the Financial Needs of the Judges
۳. Job Security for the Judges
۴. Observing the Manners of Judgment
۵. Close Supervision over the Actions and Performances…
۶. Unifying Judicial Procedures
۷. Equality of All before the Law
۸. The Status of the Interests of the Islamic State…
Six: Security Policies
۱. Establishing an Efficient Intelligence System
۲. Détente (Removal of Tension)
۳. Vigilance and Timeliness
۴. Avoidance of Using Methods of Terrorizing…
۵. Adherence to Law in Dealing with Criminals
۶. Tolerance towards Political Dissidents
Seven: Military Policies
۱. The Importance of Military Training…
۲. Formation of Special Forces
۳. Strengthening the Troops’ Morale
۴. Employing Deceitful Tactics in Battles
۵. Ethics of War
A. Refrainig from Initiating a War
B. Refraining from Calling to War
C. Diplomatic Immunity of the Enemy’s Envoys
D. Furnishing the Argument before Starting the War
E. Supplication at the Time of War
F. Starting War in the Afternoon
G. Good Treatment of the Survivors of the Enemy
Eight: International Policies
۱. Policies Causing the Perpetuation of Governments
۲. Policies Causing the Decline of Governments
۳. Efficient International Policies
A Summary of the Policies of Imām Ali (a.s.)
(۳) Defending Imām Ali’s Statesmanship
(۴) Reasons for Imām Ali’s (a.s.) Loneliness
Explaining the Issue
۱. Role of the Elite in Political and Social Transformations
۲. Role of the Kufans in Imām Ali’s Government
Imām Ali's Loneliness in His Own Words
۱. Contradictory Demands
۲. The Betrayal of the Elite and Obedience of the Masses
More Explanation on the Roots of the Problem
Expressing Grievances, an Ultimatum to All
With the Elite (al-Khawās)
Warning the Masses
The Danger of Abandoning ‘Enjoining Good and Forbidding…
۳. Equality in Distribution
۴. Avoidance of Using Unlawful Means…
Imām Ali’s (a.s.) Predictions Coming True
۵. Peripheral Factors
A. War against the People of the Qibla
B. Soldiers being Tired of War without Spoils
C. Losing Eminent Companions
The Peak of the Power of Leadership during Loneliness
Chapter One: Allegiance of Light
۱ / ۱. The Date of Allegiance to the Imām
۱ / ۲. People’s Freedom in Electing the Imām
۱ / ۳. The Imām’s Reluctance to Rulership
An Analysis of the Reasons for Imām Ali’s…
۱ / ۴. The Imām’s Motives in Accepting the Rulership
۱ / ۵. The First Person to Swear Allegiance
Attributing the Expectation of ‘Bad Omen’ to Imām Ali
۱ / ۶. People’s Welcoming the Allegiance
۱ / ۷. Allegiance of the General Public
۱ / ۸. Statements of a Group of the Imām’s…
۱/۹. Those Who Did not Pledge Allegiance to the Imām
۱/۱۰. A Biography of Those Who Refused to Swear Allegiance
۱/۱۰-۱. `Abdullah ibn `Umar ibn al-Khattāb
۱/۱۰-۲. Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqās
۱/۱۰-۳. Muhammad ibn Maslama
۱/۱۰-۴. Usāma ibn Zaid
۱/۱۰-۵. Hassān ibn Thābit
Chapter Two: The Reforms of Imām Ali (a.s.)
۲/۱. The Voice of Justice and Its Reverberation
۲/۲. Dismissing `Uthmān’s Administrators
۲/۳. Refunding Public Assets
۲/۴. The Difficulties of Certain Reforms
Chapter Three: Administrative Policies
۳/۱. Honesty in Policy
۳/۲. Commitment to Truthfulness
۳/۳. Commitment to Law
۳/۴. Never Compromising
۳/۵. Planning and Organizing
۳/۶. Election of Righteous Administrators
۳/۷. Refraining from Employing the Treacherous…
۳/۸. Generosity in Providing Administrators with…
۳/۹. Choosing Secret Agents to Keep a Check…
۳/۱۰. Rewarding and Punishing
۳/۱۱. Decisiveness toward Administrators
۳/۱۱-۱. Al-Ash`ath ibn Qays
۳/۱۱-۲. Ziyad ibn Abih
۳/۱۱-۳. Shurayh al-Qādi
۳/۱۱-۴. `Abdullah ibn `Abbās
۳/۱۱-۵. `Uthmān ibn Hunayf
۳/۱۱-۶. Qudāma ibn `Ajlān
۳/۱۱-۷. Masqala ibn Hubayra
۳/۱۱-۸. Al-Mundhir ibn al-Jārud
۳/۱۲. Dismissing Treacherous Administrators
۳/۱۳. Punishing the Treacherous among the Administrators
۳/۱۴. Forbidding Administrators from Accepting Gifts
۳/۱۵. Rigorousness along with Softness
Chapter Four: Cultural Policies
۴/۱. Development of Education
۴/۲. Prohibition of Abolishing Proper Customs
۴/۳. Fighting against Evil Customs
۴/۴. Refraining from Reception Ceremonies
۴/۵. Criticizing rather than Admiring
۴/۶. Commitment to the Truth in Knowing Men
Chapter Five: Economic Policies
۱/۵. Encouragement to Work
۵/۲. City Developments
۵/۳. Agricultural Development
۵/۴. Development of Crafts
۵/۵. Development of Trade
۵/۶. Direct Inspection of the Bazaars
۵/۷. Prevention of Hoarding
۵/۸. Levying Taxes
۵/۹. Refraining from Delaying the Distribution…
۵/۱۰. Equality in Distributing Public Assets
An Explanation on the Method of Distribution of …
۱. Specific Expenditure
۲. General Expenditure
۵/۱۱. Fulfillment of Basic Needs for All
۵/۱۲. Supporting Lowest Class
۵/۱۳. Special Concern for the Orphans
۵/۱۴. Prevention of Extravagance in Public Property
۵/۱۵. Refraining from Preferring One’s Children…
۵/۱۵ – ۱. Hasan and Husain
۵/۱۵ – ۲. Umm Kulthum
۵/۱۵ – ۳. ‘Aqil
۵/۱۵ – ۴. `Abdullah ibn Ja`far
۵/۱۵ – ۵. The Imām’s Granddaughter
۵/۱۵ – ۶. The Imām’s Sister
۵/۱۵ – ۷. The Imām’s Maidservant
۵/۱۶. Simplicity and Caution in Spending from…
Chapter Six: Social Policies
۶/۱. Establishing Justice
۶/۲. Commitment to Rights
۶/۳. The Development of Constructive Freedom
۶/۴. Attaching Importance to the Pleasure of the Public
۶/۵. Kindness to the Subjects and Love for them
۶/۶. Direct Contact with People
۶/۷. Tolerating Difficulties Caused by People
۶/۸. Refraining from Anger
۶/۹. Forbidding Fault-finding
۶/۱۰. Uncovering Excuses to Remove Suspicions
۶/۱۱. Helping the Oppressed
۶/۱۲. Setting up the ‘House of Complaints’
۶/۱۳. Inspection to Repel Wrongs Done by the Troops
۶/۱۴. Attempts towards Unifying the Muslim Community
Chapter Seven: Judicial Policies
۷/۱. Electing the Best for Judgment
۷/۲. Financial Support for the Judges
۷/۳. Occupational Security for Judges
۷/۴. Emphasis on Good Manners of the Judicature
۷/۵. Dismissing Judges who Violate the Rules of Judgment
۷/۶. Watching over the Judgment of the Judges
۷/۷. Warning against Unjust and Reckless Judgments
۷/۸. The Imām’s Direct Judgments
۷/۹. Consistency in Judgment Procedures
۷/۱۰. Execution of Legal Punishment on Near…
۷/۱۱. Submission to Judgment
۷/۱۲. The Status of the Interests of the Islamic State…
Chapter Eight: Security Policies
۸/۱. Importance of Security
۸/۲. Collecting Information
۸/۳. Reforming the Enemies
۸/۴. Compromise along with Sagacity
۸/۵. Extreme Warning against the Enemy
۸/۶. Warning against Underestimating the Enemy
۸/۷. Warning against Consultation with the Enemy
۸/۸. Knowing the Right Time…
۸/۹. Refraining from Punishment on the Basis of Conjecture
۸/۱۰. Warning against Torture
۸/۱۱. Warning against Insult
۸/۱۲. Gentleness as long as There Is no Conspiracy
۸/۱۳. Exiling or Detaining the Plotters
Chapter Nine: Warfare Policies
۹/۱. Attaching Importance to Military Training
A. Training the Troops
B. Arrangement of the Troops
C. Keeping Hold of One’s Weapon in Battles
D. Taking Opportunities
E. Tactical Withdrawal
۹/۲. Establishment of Special Forces
۹/۳. Paying Special Attention to the Armed Forces
۹/۴. Care for the Troops’ Morale
A. Encouragement
B. Slogan
C. Inculcation of Victory
D. Warning against Fleeing from the Battleground
E. Concealing that which Ruins the Troops’ Morale
۹/۵. Deception
۹/۶. Ethics of War
A. Prohibition of Initiating a Battle
B. Prohibition of Calling to Fighting
C. Diplomatic Immunity of Envoys
D. Giving an Ultimatum before a Battle
E. Supplication before a Battle
F. Beginning the Battle in the Afternoon
G. Helping the Feeble
H. Good Conduct towards the Remaining Enemy Troops.
Chapter Ten: State Policies
۱۰/۱. Causes of Continuance of Governments
۱۰/۱ – ۱. Establishing Justice
۱۰/۱ – ۲. Good Management
۱۰/۱ – ۳. Good Behavior
۱۰/۱ – ۴. Vigilance in Taking Care of Affairs
۱۰/۲. Causes of the Decline of States
۱۰/۲ – ۱. Tyranny
۱۰/۲ – ۲. Unlawful Bloodshed
۱۰/۲ – ۳. Mismanagement
۱۰/۲ – ۴. Arrogance
۱۰/۲ – ۵. Violation of the Principles
۱۰/۳. Recommendations Concerning Socio-Political Relations
۱۰/۳ – ۱. Comparing others with Oneself
۱۰/۳ – ۲. Self-Esteem
۱۰/۳ – ۳. Refraining from Enmity
۱۰/۳ – ۴. Loyalty in Agreements
۱۰/۳ – ۵. Discharging Obligations
۱۰/۳ – ۶. Making Use of Other People’s Knowledge
۱۰/۳ – ۷. Cultural Independence
۱۰/۳ – ۸. Miscellaneous
