1398 - عيدُ النَّيروزِ
1398. NAYRuZ FESTIVAL1
4697.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - لمّا اُتيَ بِهَدِيَّةِ النَّيروزِ - : ما هذا ؟ قالوا : يا أميرَ المُؤمِنينَ ، اليَومُ النَّيروزُ ، فقالَ عليه السلام : اِصنَعوا لَنا كُلَّ يَومٍ نَيروزاً !2
4697. Imam Ali (AS), when he was brought a gift for Nayruz, exclaimed, ‘What is this?’ to which they replied, ‘O Commander of the Faithful, today is Nayruz.’ He replied, ‘Make everyday Nayruz for us [i.e. through your good actions].’3
4698.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : نَيْروزُنا كُلُّ يَومٍ .4
4698.Imam Ali (AS) said, ‘Our Nayruz is everyday.’5
4699.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لمُعلّى بن خُنيس لمّا دخَلَ عليه يومَ النَّيروزِ - : أتَعرِفَ هذا اليَومَ ؟ قُلتُ : جُعِلتُ فِداكَ ، هذا يَومٌ تُعَظِّمُهُ العَجَمُ وتَتَهادى فيهِ، فقالَ أبوعَبدِاللَّهِ الصّادِقُ عليه السلام : والبَيتِ العَتيقِ الّذي بِمَكَّةَ ! ما هذا إلّا لِأمرٍ قَديمٍ اُفَسِّرُهُ لَكَ حَتّى تَفهَمَهُ ...
يا مُعَلّى ، إنَّ يَومَ النَّيروزِ هُوَ اليَومُ الّذي أخَذَ اللَّهُ فيهِ مَواثيقَ العِبادِ أن يَعبُدوهُ ولا يُشرِكوا بِه شَيئاً ، وأن يُؤمِنوا بِرُسُلِهِ وحُجَجِهِ ، وأن يُؤمِنوا بِالأئمَّةِ عليهم السلام ، وهُوَ أوَّلُ يَومٍ طَلَعَت فيهِ الشَّمسُ... وما مِن يَومِ نَيروزٍ إلّا ونَحنُ نَتَوَقَّعُ فيهِ الفَرَجَ لِأ نَّهُ مِن أيّامِنا وأيّامِ شيعَتِنا ، حَفَظَتهُ العَجَمُ وضَيَّعتُموهُ أنتُم ... وهُوَ أوَّلُ يَومٍ مِن سَنَةِ الفُرسِ فَعَاشُوا وَهُمْ ثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفاً فَصَارَ صَبُّ الْمَاءِ فِي النَّيرُوزِ سُنَّةً ... .6
4699. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said to Mualla b. Khunays when he came to visit him for Nayruz, ‘Do you know what this day is?’ to which he replied, ‘May I be your ransom, this is a day to which the Persians attach great importance and in which they give each other gifts.’ So Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘By the Ancient House in Makkah! That is only because of a much older reason which I will explain to you so that you may understand … O Mualli, verily the day of Nayruz is the day when Allah took the servants’ covenants from them that they would worship Him and that they would not associate anything with Him, and that they would believe in His prophets and His divine proofs, and that they would believe in the Imams (AS). This is also the day when the sun rose for the first time … Every day of Nayruz is a day when we await the Relief [the coming of the Awaited Saviour], for verily it is one of our special days and one of the days of our Shia. The Persians have kept its significance whereas you have lost it…This is the first day of the Persians’ new year, and they have managed to stay alive since having been only thirty thousand in number. The pouring of water on the day of Nayruz has become a practice…’7
4700.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إذا كانَ يَومُ النَّيروزِ فَاغتَسِلْ وَالبَسْ أنظَفَ ثِيابِكَ ، وتَطَيَّبْ بِأطيَبِ طِيبِكَ ، وتَكونُ ذلكَ اليَومَ صائماً .8
4700.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, ‘On the day of Nayruz, take a bath and wear your cleanest clothes, and perfume yourself with the best of fragrances, and fast on that day.’9
4701.بحار الأنوار : حُكِيَ أنَّ المَنصورَ تَقَدَّمَ إلى موسَى بنِ جَعفَرٍ عليهما السلام بِالجُلوسِ لِلتَّهنِئَةِ في يَومِ النَّيروزِ وقَبضِ ما يُحمَلُ إلَيهِ ، فقالَ : إنّي قَد فَتَّشتُ الأخبارَ عَن جَدّي رَسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله فلَم أجِدْ لِهذا العيدِ خَبَراً ، وإنَّهُ سُنَّةُ الفُرسِ ومَحاها الإسلامُ ، ومَعاذَ اللَّهِ أن نُحيِيَ ما مَحاها الإسلامُ ، فَقالَ المَنصورُ : إنَّما نَفعَلُ هذا سِياسَةً لِلجُندِ ، فسَألتُكَ بِاللَّهِ العَظيمِ إلّا جَلَستَ ، فجَلَسَ ... 10 . 11
4701. It is narrated in Bihar al-Anwar: ‘It has been related that Mansur [Dawaniqi]12 ordered Imam Musa al-Kazim (AS) to sit with him to receive gifts and greetings for the day of Nayruz, so that he may take the gifts presented to him, so Imam replied, ‘Verily I have examined the traditions from my grandfather the Prophet (SAWA) and have not found a single tradition about this festival. Rather it is a practice of the Persians which Islam eradicated, and God forbid that we should revive what Islam has eradicated.’ So Mansur said, ‘We only celebrate it as a matter of policy for our army, so I request you by Allah the Great to sit down’, so he sat down …’1314
1.Nayruz: The first day of spring, marking the Persian New Year (ed.)
2.كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : ۳ / ۳۰۰ / ۴۰۷۳ .
3.al-Faqih, v. ۳, p. ۳۰۰, no. ۴۰۷۳
4.كتاب من لا يحضره الفقيه : ۳ / ۳۰۰ / ۴۰۷۴ .
5.Ibid. no. ۴۰۷۴
6.بحار الأنوار : ۵۹ / ۹۲ / ۱ .
7.Bihar al-Anwar, v. ۵۹, p. ۹۲, no.
8.وسائل الشيعة : ۷ / ۳۴۶ / ۱ .
9.Wasa’il al-Shia, v. ۷, p. ۳۴۶, no. ۱
10.بحار الأنوار : ۵۹ / ۱۰۰ / ۲ و ۴۸ / ۱۰۸ / ۹ .
11.قال المجلسيّ بعد نقل الخبر : هذا الخبر مخالف لأخبار المُعلّى ، ويدلّ على عدم اعتبار النيروز شرعاً ، وأخبار المعلّى أقوى سنداً وأشهر بين الأصحاب ، ويمكن حمل هذا على التقيّة ، لاشتمال خبر المعلّى على ما يتّقى فيه . . . .
راجع كلام المحشّي فيما ردّ به على ما قاله المجلسيّ ، بحار الأنوار : ۵۹ / ۱۰۰ .
أقول : كِلا الخبرين فاقِد لشرائط الحجّيّة ، وكما مرّ عن أمير المؤمنين عليه السلام : نيروزنا كلّ يوم ، وكلّ يوم لا يُعصى اللَّه فيه فهو يوم عيد ، نعم لا بأس بالتزاور كما هو سنّة في إيران .
12.One of the Abbasid Caliphs (ed.)
13.Bihar al-Anwar, v. ۵۹, p. ۱۰۰, no. ۲, and v. ۴۸, p. ۱۰۸, no. ۹
14.After quoting this tradition Allama al-Majlisi says: This tradtion is in contradiction with the traditions of al-Mualla and indicates that Nayruz does not possess any religious credit, and the tradition narrated by al-Mualla is more authentic in its source and more well known among the scholars of hadith. It is possible to interpret this tradition as based on dissimulation (taqiyya), as there are some signs in al-Mualla’s tradition that reveal this fact. (See footnote of Bihar al-Anwar, v. ۵۹, p. ۱۰۰). [The author says] In our view, both the traditions lack the conditions of credibility, and as we have previously quoted from the Commander of the Faithful (AS) as saying, ‘Our Nayruz is everyday’, and also, ‘Every day in which Allah is not sinned in is a festive day. of course, there is no problem with visiting one another on this day which is a good act, as is a custom in Iran.
