59 - الجبر

59. PREDESTINATION

319 - بُطلانُ الجَبرِ

319. The Fallacy of Predestination

1024.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام - في بيانِ بُطْلانِ الجَبرِ - : لَو كانَ كذلكَ لَبَطلَ الثَّوابُ والعِقابُ ، والأمرُ والنَّهْيُ والزَّجْرُ ، ولَسقَطَ معنى‏ الوَعْدِ والوَعيدِ ، ولَم تَكُنْ على‏ مُسي‏ءٍ لائمَةٌ، ولا لمُحسنٍ مَحْمَدةٌ ، ولكانَ المُحسنُ أوْلى‏ باللّائمةِ مِن المُذنِبِ ، والمُذنِبُ أولى‏ بالإحسانِ مِن المُحسِنِ، تلكَ مَقالةُ عَبَدَةِ الأوثانِ وخُصَماءِ الرَّحمنِ .¹

1024. Imam Ali (AS), exposing the fallacy of predestination, said, 'If it were like this, the concepts of reward, punishment, command, and prohibition would be erroneous. The meaning of promise [of Paradise] and threat [of the Hellfire] would be futile, and there would be no blame for a wrongdoer, nor praise for the good-doer. Furthermore, the good-doer would be more blameworthy than the wrongdoer, and the latter would deserve more praise than the former. This [i.e. predestination] is the claim of the idolators and the foes of the Merciful.' ²

1025.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : ما اسْتَطعتَ أنْ تَلومَ العبدَ علَيهِ فهُو مِنهُ، وما لَم تَسْتَطِعْ أنْ‏تَلومَ العَبدَ علَيهِ فهُو مِن فِعلِ اللَّهِ ، يقولُ اللَّهُ تعالى‏ للعبدِ : لِمَ عَصَيْتَ ؟ لِمَ‏فَسَقْتَ ؟ لِمَ شَرِبْتَ الخَمرَ ؟ لِمَ زَنَيْتَ؟فهذا فعلُ العبدِ، ولا يقولُ لَه : لِمَ مَرِضْتَ؟ لِمَ قَصُرْتَ ؟ لِمَ ابْيَضَضْتَ ؟ لِمَ اسْوَدَدْتَ؟ لأنَّهُ مِن فِعلِ اللَّهِ تعالى‏ .³

1025.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Anything that you can blame a servant [of Allah] for is his own doing, and whatever you cannot blame him for is Allah's doing. Allah, the Exalted, will ask the servant, 'Why did you disobey [Me]? Why did you commit sins? Why did you drink wine? Why did you commit adultery?' All of this is the servant's doing. But He will not ask him, 'Why were you sick? Why were you short? Why were you white? Why were you black?' because all of this is Allah's doing.' ⁴

1026.الإمامُ الكاظمُ عليه السلام : إنّ السَّيّئاتِ لا تَخْلو مِن إحدى‏ ثلاثٍ : إمّا أنْ تكونَ مِن اللَّهِ - ولَيستْ مِنهُ - فلا يَنبغي للرَّبِّ أنْ يُعذّبَ العبدَ على‏ ما لا يَرْتَكِبُ ، وإمَّا أنْ تكونَ مِنهُ ومِن العبدِ - ولَيستْ كذلكَ - فلا يَنبغي للشَّريكِ القَوِيِّ أنْ يظلِمَ الشَّريكَ‏الضَّعيفَ ، وإمّا أنْ تكونَ مِن العبدِ - وهِي مِنهُ - فإنْ عَفا فبِكَرَمِهِ وجُودِهِ ، وإنْ عاقَبَ فبِذَنبِ العبدِ وجَريرَتِهِ .⁵

1026.Imam al-Kazim (AS) said, 'Sins cannot be other than one of three cases: either they originate from Allah - which they do not - and in this case it would not be proper for the Lord to punish His servant for what he has not committed; or that they originate from Him and the servant together - which they do not - and in this case it would not be proper for the strong partner to wrong the weak partner; or that they originate from the servant - which they do - and in this case, if Allah forgives, it is due to His kindness and liberality, or if He punishes, it is as a result of the sin and crime of the servant.' ⁶

318 - الثَّورَةُ مِن مَدينَةِ قُمّ‏

318. The Revolution From The City of Qum

1020.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : سَيأتي زَمانٌ تكونُ بَلْدةُ قُمّ وأهلُها حُجّةً على‏ الخلائقِ ، وذلكَ في زمانِ غَيْبَةِ قائمِنا عليه السلام إلى‏ ظُهورِهِ ، ولولا ذلكَ لَسَاخَتِ الأرضُ بأهلِها . وإنَّ الملائكةَ لَتَدْفَعُ البَلايا عَن قُمّ وأهلِهِ ، وما قَصدَهُ جَبّارٌ بسُوءٍ إلّا قَصمَهُ قاصِمُ الجَبّارِينَ .¹

1020.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'There will come a time when the town of Qum and its people will be an authority (hujja) over the rest of people. This will be during the time of the occultation of our Qa?im (AS) until his reappearance. And if this was not so, the earth would swallow up its people. Verily, the angels guard Qum and its people from disasters, and no tyrant can aim towards it with evil intentions without being annihilated by Allah, the Annihilator of tyrants.' ²

1021.بحار الأنوار عن عَفّانِ البَصرِيّ : قالَ لي‏[الإمامُ الصادقُ عليه السلام‏] : أتدري لِمَ سُمّيَ قُمّ ؟ قلتُ : اللَّهُ ورسولُهُ وأنتَ أعلَمُ ، قالَ : إنّما سُمّيَ قُمّ لأنَّ أهلَهُ يَجتَمِعونَ معَ قائمِ آلِ محمّدٍ صلواتُ اللَّهِ علَيهِ ، ويَقومونَ مَعهُ ويَسْتَقيمونَ علَيهِ ويَنْصُرونَهُ .³

1021. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said to Affan al-Basri, 'Do you know the reason for the name Qum?' [Affan] replied, 'Allah, His Messenger, and you know better.' He said, 'It was named Qum because its people will meet with the Qa?im ⁴ of the family of Muhammad, peace be upon him; they will rise with him, stay with him, and support him.' ⁵

1022.الإمامُ الكاظمُ عليه السلام : رجُلٌ مِن أهلِ قُمّ يدعو النّاسَ إلى‏ الحقِّ ، يَجْتَمِعُ مَعهُ قَومٌ كَزُبرِ الحديدِ ، لا تُزِلُّهُمُ الرِّياحُ العَواصِفُ ، ولا يَمَلّونَ مِن الحَربِ ، ولا يَجْبُنونَ ، وعلى‏ اللَّهِ يَتَوكّلونَ ، والعاقِبَةُ للمُتّقِينَ .⁶

1022.Imam al-Kazim (AS) said, 'A man from Qum will call the people to what is right, and he will be joined by men as firm as iron, who will not be shaken by violent storms. They will not be tired of war, nor will they show cowardice. They will rely solely on Allah, and the good end will be for the pious.' ⁷

1023.بحار الأنوار عن بعضِ أصحابِنا : كنتُ عندأبي عبدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام جالِساً إذْ قَرأَ هذهِ الآيةَ: (فَإذا جاءَ وعدُ اُولاهما بعَثْنا عليكم عِباداً لنا اُولي بأسٍ شديدٍ فجاسُوا خِلالَ الدِّيارِ وكانَ وَعْداً مفعولاً)⁸ فقُلنا : جُعِلْنا فِداكَ ، مَن هؤلاءِ ؟ فقالَ ، ثلاثَ مَرّاتٍ : هُمْ واللَّهِ أهلُ قُمّ .⁹

1023. It is narrated in Bihar al-Anwar: 'One of our companions narrated, 'I was sitting with Abu Abdillah (AS) when he recited the verse: "So when the first occasion of the two [prophecies] came, We aroused against you Our servants possessing great might, and they ransacked [your] habitations, and the promise was bound to be fulfilled." ¹⁰ We asked, 'Who are those, may we be your ransom?' He said three times, 'By Allah! These are the people of Qum.' ¹¹