372 - النّجوم‏

372. THE STARS

1719 - عِلمُ النُّجومِ‏

1719. THE SCIENCE OF THE STARS [ASTRONOMY] ¹

6077.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : أيُّها النّاسُ ، إيّاكُم وتَعَلُّمَ النُّجومِ إلّا ما يُهتَدى‏ بهِ في بَرٍّ أو بَحرٍ ، فإنّها تَدعو إلَى الكِهانَةِ ، والمُنَجِّمُ كالكاهِنِ ، والكاهِنُ كالسّاحِرِ ، والسّاحِرُ كالكافِرِ ، والكافِرُ في النّارِ .²

6077.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'O people, beware of learning astrology except that which is used for guidance in the land or the sea [astronomy], because it [astrology] leads to divining and an astrologer is like a diviner. And the diviner is like a sorcerer, and a sorcerer is like the disbeliever and the disbeliever will be in Hell.' ³

6078.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لمّا سئل عن علم النّجوم - : هُو عِلمٌ مِن عِلمِ الأنبياءِ .⁴

6078. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when asked about the science of the stars said, 'It [i.e. astronomy] is a science from the sciences of the prophets.' ⁵

6079.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمّا سُئلَ عمّا اشتَهَرَ بينَ النّاسِ مِن حُرمَةِ النَّظَرِ في النُّجومِ وعن ضَررِهِ بالدِّينِ - : لَيس كما يَقولونَ ، لا تَضُرُّ بدِينِكَ. إنّكُم تَنظُرونَ في شَي‏ءٍ مِنها كثيرُهُ لا يُدرَكُ ، وقَليلُهُ لا يُنتَفَعُ بهِ .⁶

6079. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when asked about what was popularly held among people that the studying of the stars [astronomy] was prohibited and harmful to religion, said, 'It is not as they say. It [i.e. astronomy] does not harm your religion.' He then said, 'You are looking into something [a science] where too much of it cannot be achieved and too little of it cannot be benefitted from.' ⁷⁸

6080.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمّا سألَهُ زِنديقٌ عن عِلمِ النُّجومِ - : هُو عِلمٌ قَلَّت مَنافِعُهُ وكَثُرَت مَضَرّاتُهُ ؛ لأ نّهُ لا يُدفَعُ بهِ المَقدورُ ولا يُتَّقى‏ بهِ المَحذورُ ، إن أخبَرَ المُنَجِّمُ بالبَلاءِ لَم يُنجِهِ التَّحَرُّزُ مِن القَضاءِ ، وإن أخبَرَ هُو بخَيرٍ لَم يَستَطِعْ تَعجيلَهُ ، وإن حَدَثَ بهِ سُوءٌ لَم يُمكِنْهُ صَرفُهُ ، والمُنَجِّمُ يَضادُّ اللَّهَ في عِلمِهِ بزَعمِهِ أ نّهُ يَرُدُّ قَضاءَ اللَّهِ عَن خَلقِهِ .⁹

6080. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when an atheist asked him about the science of the stars [i.e. astrology] said, 'It is a science whose benefits are few and whose harms are many... an astrologer contradicts Allah in His knowledge, claiming he is refuting Allah in His fate over His creation.' ¹⁰¹¹

6081.عبد الملكِ بنِ أعيَنٍ : قلتُ لأبي عبدِ اللَّهِ عليه السلام : إنّي قدِ ابتُلِيتُ بهذا العِلمِ ، فاُريدُ الحاجَةَ ؛ فإذا نَظَرتُ إلَى الطّالِعِ ورأيتُ الطّالِعَ الشَّرَّ جَلَستُ ولَم أذهَبْ فيها ، وإذا رأيتُ الطّالِعَ الخَيرَ ذَهَبتُ في الحاجَةِ ، فقالَ لي : تَقضي ؟ قلتُ : نَعَم ، قالَ : أحرِقْ كُتُبَكَ .¹²

6081. Abd al-Malik b. Ayan said, 'I asked Abu Abdillah [al-Sadiq] (AS), 'I have been tried by this science [astrology], so when I want something I look at the rising star, and if I see the rising star as evil, I desist from pursuing that thing, and if I see good in the rising star, I pursue the matter.' He asked me, 'Do you predict fate?' I said, 'Yes.' He said, 'Then burn your books.' ¹³

1718 - خَصائصُ الرَّسولِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله‏

1718. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROPHET (SAWA)

1 - عَلى‏ خُلُقٍ عَظيمٍ‏

1. A Great Character

(وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَى‏ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ) .¹

"And indeed you possess a great character." ²

6041.الإمامُ عليٍّ عليه السلام - في صفة النبيّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله - : كان أجوَدَ النّاسِ كَفّاً، وأجرَأَ النّاسِ صَدراً ، وأصدَقَ النّاسِ لَهجَةً وأوفاهُم ذِمَّةً ، وأليَنَهُم عَريكَةً ، وأكرَمَهُم عِشرَةً . مَن رَآهُ بَديهَةً هابَهُ ، ومَن خالَطَهُ فَعَرَفَهُ أحَبَّهُ ، يَقولُ ناعِتُهُ : لَم أرَ قَبلَهُ ولا بَعدَهُ مِثلَهُ .³

6041. Imam Ali (AS), describing the Prophet (SAWA), said, 'He had the most generous of hands, and his chest was the boldest of all. He was the most truthful of people in speech and the most trustworthy in liability. He was the most lenient of people in disposition, and the kindest of them in social companionship. Those who saw him would spontaneously respect him, and those who associated with him and came to know him loved him. I have never seen anyone like him, before him or after him (SAWA).' ⁴

6042.عائشةُ - لَمّا سُئلَت عن خُلقِ النّبيِّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله في بَيتِهِ - : كانَ أحسَنَ النّاسِ خُلقاً ، لَم يَكُن فاحِشاً ولا مُتَفَحِّشاً ، ولا صَخّاباً في الأسواقِ ، ولا يَجزي بالسَّيّئَةِ مِثلَها ، ولكنْ يَعفو ويَصفَحُ .⁵

6042. A'isha, when asked about the character of the Prophet (SAWA) in his house, said, 'He was the best of people in character; he neither swore nor was obscene; he did not make a clamour in the markets, and did not return bad with its like, but he would pardon and forgive.' ⁶

6043.عائشة : ما كانَ خُلقٌ أبغضَ إلى‏ رَسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله مِن الكِذبِ ، وما اطَّلَعَ مِنهُ على‏ شي‏ءٍ عِندَ أحَدٍ مِن أصحابِهِ فيَبخَلُ لَهُ مِن نَفسِهِ حتّى‏ يَعلَمَ أن أحدَثَ تَوبَةً .⁷

6043. A'isha said, 'There was no characteristic more hated by the Messenger of Allah (SAWA) than lying, and whenever he found out about any of his companions [as having lied], he would retract from that person until he knew that that person had repented.' ⁸

6044.عائشة : كانَ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله أليَنَ النّاسِ ، وأكرَمَ النّاسِ ، وكانَ رجُلاً مِن رِجالِكُم إلّا أ نّهُ كانَ ضَحّاكاً بَسّاماً .⁹

6044. A'isha said, 'He was the most lenient of people, and the kindest of people. He was as normal as one of your men, except that he laughed and smiled a lot.' ¹⁰

6045.محمّد بنِ الحَنَفيّةِ : كانَ رَسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله لا يَكادُ يَقولُ لشي‏ءٍ : لا ، فإذا هُو سُئلَ فأرادَ أن‏يَفعَلَ ، قالَ : نَعَم ، وإذا لَم يُرِدْ أن يَفعَلَ سَكَتَ ، فكانَ قد عُرِفَ ذلكَ مِنهُ .¹¹

6045. Muhammad b. al-Hanafiyya said, 'The Messenger of Allah (SAWA) almost never said to something: 'No'. When he was asked to do something that he wanted to do, he would say 'Yes', and if he was asked to do something that he did not want to do he would keep silent, and it [the answer] would be known from his silence.' ¹²

6046.عبداللَّهِ بن الحارِثِ : ما رَأيتُ أحَداً أكثَرَ تَبَسُّماً مِن رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله .¹³

6046. Abdullah b. al-Harith said, 'I have never seen someone who smiled more than the Messenger of Allah (SAWA).' ¹⁴

2 - أمينٌ‏

2. Trustworthy

6047.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : أما واللَّهِ إنّي لَأمينٌ في السَّماءِ وأمينٌ في الأرضِ .¹⁵

6047.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'By Allah, I am trustworthy in the Heavens and trustworthy on the earth.' ¹⁶

6048.ابن اسحاق : كانَت قُرَيشٌ تُسَمِّي رَسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله قَبلَ أن‏يَنزِلَ علَيهِ الوَحيُ : الأمينَ .¹⁷

6048. Ibn Ishaq said, 'The [tribe of] Quraysh used to call the Prophet (SAWA) 'the trustworthy' (al-amin) before revelation had descended onto him.' ¹⁸

6049.ابن اسحاق : كانَت خَديجَةُ بِنتُ‏خُوَيلدٍ امرأةً تاجِرَةً ذاتَ شَرَفٍ‏ومالٍ، تَستأجِرُ الرِّجالَ في مالِها وتُضارِبُهُم إيّاهُ بشي‏ءٍ تَجعَلُهُ لَهُم ، وكانَت قُرَيشٌ قَوماً تُجّاراً ، فلَمّا بَلَغَها عن رَسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله ما بَلَغَها مِن صِدقِ حَديثِهِ ، وعِظَمِ أمانَتِهِ ، وكَرَمِ أخلاقِهِ ، بَعَثَت إلَيهِ فعَرَضَت علَيهِ أن يَخرُجَ في مالٍ لَها إلَى الشّامِ تاجِراً .¹⁹

6049. Ibn Ishaq said, 'Khadija, daughter of Khuwaylid was a female merchant with dignity and wealth. She would employ men with her money and lend them money [to invest], receiving a portion of its profit, and the people of Quraysh were merchants. So when she heard about the Prophet (SAWA) and his being truthful in what he says, his faithfulness in trusts and his great morals, she sent for him and offered for him to take some of her wealth to Syria as a trader.' ²⁰

3 - عادِلٌ‏

3. Just

6050.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : كانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله يُقَسِّمُ لَحَظاتِهِ بَينَ أصحابِهِ، يَنظُرُ إلى‏ ذا ويَنظُرُ إلى‏ ذا بالسَّوِيَّةِ .²¹

6050.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) would divide his gazes equally among his companions, looking at one and looking at the other all with equality. ²²

4 - شُجاعٌ‏

4. Courageous

6051.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : كُنّا إذا احمَرَّ البأسُ ولَقِيَ القَومُ القَومَ اتّقَينا برسولِ اللَّهِ، فما يَكونُ أحَدٌ أقرَبَ إلَى العَدُوِّ مِنهُ .²³

6051.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'When a situation became tense and when two sides came close to each other [in battle], we would seek out the Messenger of Allah (SAWA) for protection, and there was no one closer to the enemy than him.' ²⁴

6052.البَراء بن عازِبٍ : كنّا إذا احمَرَّ البأسُ نَتَّقي برسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله ، وإنّ الشُّجاعَ لَلّذي يُحاذي‏بهِ .²⁵

6052. al-Bara? b. Azib said, 'When the situation became tense [in battle] we would seek protection with the Messenger of Allah (SAWA), for verily the courageous was he who was standing close him (SAWA).' ²⁶

6053.أنس : كانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله أحسَنَ النّاسِ ، وكانَ أجوَدَ النّاسِ ، وكانَ أشجَعَ النّاسِ ، ولَقد فَزِعَ أهلُ المَدينَةِ ذاتَ لَيلَةٍ ، فانطَلقَ ناسٌ قِبَلَ الصَّوتِ ، فتَلَقّاهُم رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله راجِعاً - وقَد سَبَقَهُم إلَى الصَّوتِ - وهُو على‏ فَرَسٍ لأبي طَلحَةَ عُرْي ، في عُنُقِهِ السَّيفُ وهو يقولُ : لم تُراعُوا ، لم تُراعُوا .²⁷

6053. Anas said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) was the best of people, the most generous of people, and the most courageous of people. The people of Madina became scared one night, and they ran towards the place that the noise was coming from, and the Prophet (SAWA) met them on his way back from there - as he had preceded them to the noise, mounted on a barebacked horse belonging to Abu Talha, and he had his sword hanging from his neck, saying, 'Why are you scared, why are you scared!' ²⁸

5 - رَحيمٌ‏

5. Compassionate

6054.أنس : كانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله إذا فَقَدَ الرّجُلَ مِن إخوانِهِ ثَلاثَةَ أيّامٍ سألَ عَنهُ ؛ فإن كانَ غائباً دَعا لَهُ ، وإن كانَ شاهِداً زارَهُ، وإن كانَ مَريضاً عادَهُ .²⁹

6054. Anas said, 'If the Prophet (SAWA) did not see one of his brothers for three days he would ask about him; if he was away he would pray for him, if he was present he would visit him, and if he was sick he would visit him.' ³⁰

6 - حَليمٌ‏

6. Tolerant

6055.أنس : كُنتُ أمشي مَع رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وعلَيهِ بُردٌ نَجرانيٌّ غَليظُ الحاشِيَةِ ، فأدرَكَهُ أعرابيٌّ فجَذَبَهُ بِردائهِ جَذبَةً شَديدَةً، فنَظَرتُ إلى‏ صَفحَةِ عُنُقِ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله، وقَد أثّرَ بها حاشِيَةُ الرِّداءِ مِن شِدَّةِ جَذبَتِهِ . ثُمّ قالَ : يا محمّدُ ، مُرْ لي من مالِ اللَّهِ الّذي عِندَكَ، فالتَفَتَ إلَيهِ فضَحِكَ ثُمّ أمَرَ لَهُ بعَطاءٍ .³¹

6055. Anas said, 'I was walking with the Prophet (SAWA), and he was wearing a Najrani robe that had rough sides. A Bedouin came upon him and pulled him by his robe very roughly, so I looked at the side of the Prophet's (SAWA) neck, and the side of the robe had left a mark from the strong pull. He then said, 'O Muhammad, give me some of Allah's money that you have.' So the Prophet looked at him, laughed and ordered that he be given some.' ³²

7 - حَيِيٌ‏

7. Shy

6056.مسند ابن حنبل : كان رسولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وآله حَييّاً كريماً .³³

6056. Musnad Ibn Hanbal, 'The Messenger of Allah (SAWA) was shy and generous.' ³⁴

6057.أبو سعيدٍ الخُدريُ : كانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ حَيِيّاً لا يُسألُ شيئاً إلّا أعطاهُ .³⁵

6057. Abu Said al-Khudri said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) was so shy that no sooner would he be asked for something than he would give it.' ³⁶

8 - مُتَواضِعٌ‏

8. Humble

6058.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : خَمسٌ لا أدَعَهُنَّ حتَّى المَماتِ : الأكلُ علَى الحَضيضِ مَع العَبيدِ ، ورُكوبيَ الحِمارَ مُؤْكَفاً ، وحَلبيَ العَنزَ بِيَدي ، ولُبسُ الصُّوفِ ، والتَّسليمُ علَى الصِّبيانِ ؛ لِتَكونَ سُنّةً مِن بَعدي .³⁷

6058.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'There are five things that I will not leave until I die: Eating low [on the ground] with servants, riding donkeys without saddles, milking the goat with my own hands, wearing wool, and greeting children, so that it becomes a tradition after me.' ³⁸

6059.ابنُ مسعودٍ : أتى‏ النَّبيَّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله رجُلٌ فكَلَّمَهُ، فجَعَلَ تَرعُدُ فَرائصُهُ ، فقالَ لَهُ : هَوِّن علَيكَ فإنّي لَستُ بمَلِكٍ ، إنّما أنا ابنُ امرأةٍ تأكُلُ القَديدَ .³⁹

6059. Ibn Masud said, 'A man came to the Prophet (SAWA) and spoke to him, and his limbs started to tremble, so he said to him, 'Be calm, for I am not a king, I am but the son of a woman who ate jerked meat.' ⁴⁰

6060.حمزةُ بنُ عبداللَّهِ بنِ عُتبَةَ : كانَت في النَّبيِّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله خِصالٌ لَيسَت في الجَبّارينَ ، كانَ لا يَدعوهُ أحمَرُ ولا أسوَدُ مِن النّاسِ إلّا أجابَهُ .⁴¹

6060. Hamza b. Abdullah b. Utba said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) had characteristics that did not exist in tyrants. There was no red or black person who called him except that he answered. He would also ride a donkey that was barebacked and did not have anything on it [i.e. a saddle].' ⁴²

6061.الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : ولَقَد أتاهُ جَبرئيلُ عليه السلام بمَفاتيحِ خَزائنِ الأرضِ ثَلاثَ مَرّاتٍ يُخَيِّرُهُ مِن غَيرِ أن يَنقُصَهُ اللَّهُ تباركَ وتعالى‏ مِمّا أعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ يَومَ القِيامَةِ شيئاً ، فيَختارُ التَّواضُعَ لِربِّهِ جلَ‏وعَزَّ .⁴³

6061.Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'Gabriel (AS) came to him three times with the keys of the treasuries of the earth, giving him the choice without Allah Almighty lessening anything of what He had prepared for him on the Day of Judgment. So, he chose humbleness to his Lord, the Exalted and Mighty.' ⁴⁴

6062.الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : كانَ رسولُ اللَّه صلى اللَّه عليه وآله يأكُلُ أكلَ العَبدِ ، ويَجلِسُ جِلسَةَ العَبدِ ، وكانَ يأكُلُ علَى الحَضيضِ ، ويَنامُ علَى الحَضيضِ .⁴⁵

6062.Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) ate the food of slaves and would sit in the place of slaves. He would eat low on the ground and sleep on the ground.' ⁴⁶

9 - مُتَوَكِّلٌ‏

9. Relier [on Allah]

6063.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : نَزَلَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله في غَزوَةِ ذاتِ الرِّقاعِ تَحتَ شَجَرَةٍ على‏ شَفيرِ وادٍ ، فأقبَلَ سَيلٌ فحالَ بَينَهُ وبَينَ أصحابِهِ فرآهُ رجُلٌ مِن المُشرِكينَ والمُسلِمونَ قِيامٌ على‏ شَفيرِ الوادي يَنتَظِرونَ مَتى‏ يَنقَطِعُ السَّيلُ ، فقالَ رجُلٌ مَن المُشرِكينَ لقَومِهِ : أنا أقتُلُ محمّداً ، فجاءَ وشَدَّ على‏ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله بالسَّيفِ ، ثُمّ قالَ : مَن يُنْجِيكَ مِنّي يا محمّدُ ؟! فقالَ : رَبِّي ورَبُّكَ ، فنَسَفَهُ جَبرئيلُ عليه السلام عن فَرَسِهِ فسَقَطَ على‏ ظَهرِهِ ، فقامَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وأخذَ السَّيفَ وجَلَسَ على‏ صَدرِهِ وقالَ : مَن يُنْجِيكَ مِنّي يا غورثُ ؟! فقالَ : جُودُكَ وكَرمُكَ يا محمّدُ ، فتَرَكَهُ فقامَ وهُو يقولُ : واللَّهِ، لَأنتَ خَيرٌ مِنّي وأكرَمُ .⁴⁷

6063.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) narrated, 'In the battle of Dhat al-Riqa, the Prophet (SAWA) descended under a tree on the side of a valley when a flood came and separated him from his companions. A man from among the polytheists saw him whilst the Muslims were standing on the side of the valley waiting for the flood to subside. One of the polytheists said to his people, 'I will kill Muhammad!' So he came and drew his sword against the Prophet (SAWA), saying, 'Who will save you now from me O Muhammad?!' to which he replied, 'My Lord and your Lord', upon which [the angel] Gabriel (AS) threw him down from his horse and he fell onto his back. The Prophet (SAWA) then stood up, took the sword and sat on his chest, saying, 'Who will save you now from me, O Ghawrith?' to which he replied, 'Your magnanimity and generosity, O Muhammad' at which he left him. The man stood up, saying, 'By Allah, you are indeed better and nobler than me.' ⁴⁸

10 - صَبورٌ

10. Patient

6064.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ما اُوذِيَ أحَدٌ مِثلَ ما اُوذِيتُ في اللَّهِ .⁴⁹

6064.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'No one has been hurt the way I have been hurt for the sake of Allah.' ⁵⁰

6065.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : لَقد اُوذِيتُ في اللَّهِ وما يُؤذى‏ أحَدٌ ، واُخِفْتُ [في ]اللَّهِ وما يُخافُ أحَدٌ ، ولَقد أتَت علَيَّ ثَلاثونَ مِن يَومٍ ولَيلَةٍ وما لي ولبِلالٍ طَعامٌ يأكُلُهُ ذو كَبِدٍ إلّا شي‏ءٌ يُوارِيهِ إبطُ بلالٍ .⁵¹

6065.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'I was being hurt for the sake of Allah when no one was being hurt, and I was threatened because of Allah when no one else was being threatened. Thirty days and nights passed once when neither Bilal nor I had any food that a man may eat save what Bilal may use to cover his armpits [i.e. leaves].' ⁵²

6066.إسماعيل بنِ عيّاشٍ : كانَ رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله أصبَرَ النّاسِ على‏ أوزارِ النّاسِ .⁵³

6066. Ismail b. Ayyash said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) was the most patient of people with regard to people's wrongdoings.' ⁵⁴

6067.ابن مسعودٍ : كأنّي أنظُرُ إلى‏ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله يَحكي نَبيّاً مِن الأنبياءِ ضَربَهُ قَومُهُ فأدمَوهُ ، وهُو يَمسَحُ الدَّمَ عَن وَجهِهِ ويَقولُ : اللّهُمَّ اغفِرْ لِقَومي فإنّهُم لا يَعلَمونَ .⁵⁵

6067. Ibn Masud said, 'It is as if I am looking at the Prophet (SAWA) speaking [to us] as one of the past prophets who was hit by his people and made to bleed, wiping the blood from his face, saying, 'O Allah forgive my people for they do not know.' ⁵⁶

11 - زاهِدٌ

11. Ascetic

6068.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله - وقد قيلَ‏لَهُ : لوِ اتَّخَذتَ فِراشاً ، وهُو على‏ حَصيرٍ قد أثَّرَ في جَنبَيهِ - : ما لِي ولِلدُّنيا ؟! ما مَثَلي ومَثَلُ الدُّنيا إلّا كَراكِبٍ سارَ في يَومٍ صائفٍ فاستَظَلَّ تَحتَ شَجَرَةٍ ساعَةً مِن نَهارٍ ثُمّ راحَ وتَرَكَها .⁵⁷

6068. The Prophet (SAWA), when some said to him, 'Why don't you sleep on a bed?' when the straw mat had left a mark on his sides, said, 'What do I have with this world? The example of me and the world is like a rider who rides on a summer's day, and then goes to take shade under a tree for a while during the day, and then rides on leaving it.' ⁵⁸

6069.الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : إنّ رسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله لَم يُورِّثْ دِيناراً ولا دِرهَماً ولا عَبداً ولا وَليدَةً ولا شاةً ولا بَعيراً ، ولقد قُبِضَ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وإنّ دِرعَهُ مَرهونَةٌ عِند يَهوديٍّ مِن يَهودِ المَدينَةِ بعِشرينَ صاعاً مِن شَعيرٍ استَسلَفَها نَفَقَةً لأهلِهِ .⁵⁹

6069.Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) did not leave in inheritance a dinar, or a dirham, or a slave, or a slavegirl, or a lamb, or a camel. When he (SAWA) passed away, his shield was pawned to one of the Jews of Madina for twenty measures of barley, as a provision of sustenance for his family.' ⁶⁰

6070.عُمر : دَخَلتُ على‏ رسولِ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وهُو على‏ حَصيرٍ، قالَ : فجَلَستُ ، فإذا علَيهِ إزارُهُ ، ولَيس علَيهِ غَيرُهُ ، وإذا الحَصيرُ قد أثَّرَ في جَنبِهِ ، وإذا أنا بِقَبضَةٍ مِن شَعيرٍ نَحوِ الصّاعِ ، وقَرَظٌ في ناحِيَةٍ في الغُرفَةِ ، وإذا إهابٌ مُعَلَّقٌ ، فابتَدَرَت عَيناي ، فقالَ : ما يُبكيكَ يابنَ الخَطّابِ ؟ فقالَ : يا نَبيَّ اللَّهِ ، وما ليَ لا أبكي وهذا الحَصيرُ قد أثَّرَ في جَنبِكَ وهذهِ خِزانَتُكَ لا أرى‏ فيها إلّا ما أرى‏ ، وذاكَ كِسرى‏ وقَيصرُ في الثِّمارِ والأنهارِ ، وأنتَ نَبيُّ اللَّهِ وصَفوَتُهُ ، وهذهِ خِزانَتُكَ ؟! قالَ : يابنَ الخطّابِ ، أما تَرضى‏ أن تَكونَ لَنا الآخِرَةُ ولَهُمُ الدُّنيا ؟ !⁶¹

6070. Umar said, 'I visited the Prophet (SAWA) and he was sitting on a straw mat, so I sat down and saw that he was wearing a loincloth and nothing else, and the mat had made a mark on his side. I saw about a handful of barley there, and a tan hide spread out to one side of the room, and I also saw raw hide hung up, so my eyes gushed with tears. He (SAWA) asked, 'What is making you cry, O son of Khattab?' He said, 'O Prophet of Allah, how can I not cry when this mat has made a mark on your side, and I do not see anything in your storage, other than what I see. And there are Kisra and the Caesar with their fruits and rivers, and you are a prophet of Allah and His chosen one, and this is your storage warehouse?!' He said, 'O son of Khattab, do you not want us to have the Hereafter and leave the world to them?!' ⁶²

6071.مكارمِ الأخلاقِ : جاءَهُ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله ابنُ خولي بإناءٍ فيهِ عَسَلٌ ولَبَنٌ ، فأبى‏ أن يَشرَبَهُ ، فقالَ : شَربَتانِ في شَربَةٍ ، وإناءانِ في إناءٍ واحِدٍ ؟! فأبى‏ أن يَشرَبَهُ ، ثُمّ قالَ : ما اُحَرِّمُهُ ، ولكنّي أكرَهُ الفَخرَ والحِسابَ بِفُضولِ الدُّنيا غَداً ، واُحِبُّ التَّواضُعَ ، فإنّ مَن تواضَعَ للَّهِ رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ .⁶³

6071. It is narrated in Makarim al-Akhlaq: 'Ibn Khuli came to him (SAWA) with a bowl of honey and milk, and he refused to drink it, saying, 'Two drinks in one meal, and two bowls in one meal?!' So, he refused to drink it, and he then said, 'I do not prohibit it, but I hate pride, and having to account for the extravagances of this world tomorrow, and I love humbleness, for he who is humble for Allah, Allah will elevate him.' ⁶⁴

12 - إيثارُهُ النّاسَ عَلى‏ نَفسِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله وأهلِ بَيتِهِ‏

12. Preferring Others Over Himself and his Family

6072.الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام - لمحمّدِ بنِ مُسلمٍ - : يا محمّدُ، لَعلَّكَ تَرى‏ أ نّهُ [يَعني رَسولَ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله ]شَبِعَ مِن خُبزِ البُرِّ ثَلاثةَ أيّامٍ مُتَوالِيَةٍ مِن أن بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ إلى‏ أن قَبَضَهُ ؟! لا واللَّهِ ، ما شَبِعَ مِن خُبزِ البُرِّ ثَلاثةَ أيّامٍ مُتَوالِيَةٍ مُنذُ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ إلى‏ أن قَبَضَهُ . أما إنّي لا أقولُ : إنّهُ كانَ لا يَجِدُ ، لَقد كانَ يُجيزُ الرّجُلَ الواحِدَ بالمِائةِ مِن الإبلِ ، فلو أرادَ أن يأكُلَ لَأكَلَ .⁶⁵

6072. Imam al-Baqir, speaking to Muhammad b. Muslim, said, 'O Muhammad, you might think that he [meaning the Prophet (SAWA)] filled himself by eating wheat bread for three continuous days from the time Allah sent him until when He took him up?' He answered himself, saying, 'No, by Allah, he never filled himself with wheat bread for three continuous days since the time Allah sent him until He took him [his soul]. I am not saying that he could not find any, for one man would offer him one hundred camels, so if he wanted to eat he could have done so.' ⁶⁶

13 - عَدَمُ غَضَبِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله لِنَفسِهِ‏

13. Never Being Angry for Himself

6073.المناقبِ لابنِ شهر آشوبَ : كانَ النَّبيُّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله ... يَغضَبُ لِرَبِّهِ ، ولا يَغضَبُ لِنَفسِهِ .⁶⁷

6073. It is narrated in al-Manaqib: 'The Prophet (SAWA) would only be angry for the sake of his Lord, and would never be angry for himself.' ⁶⁸

6074.عائشة : ما ضَرَبَ رَسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله شيئاً قَطُّ بِيَدِهِ ، ولا امرأةً ولا خادِماً إلّا أن يُجاهِدَ في سَبيلِ اللَّهِ ، وما نِيلَ مِنهُ شي‏ءٌ قَطُّ فيَنتَقِمُ مِن صاحِبِهِ ، إلّا أن يُنتَهَكَ شي‏ءٌ مِن مَحارِمِ اللَّهِ فيَنتَقِمَ للَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ .⁶⁹

6074. A'isha said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) never hit anything with his hand, neither a woman nor a slave, only when he fought on the path of Allah (jihad), and he never took revenge for anything that was taken from him; only when any of the prohibitions of Allah were violated would he take revenge for the sake of Allah.' ⁷⁰

14 - إجهادُ نَفسِهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله فِي العِبادَةِ

14. Exhausting Himself in Worship

(طه * مَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ القُرْآنَ لِتَشْقَى‏) .⁷¹

"Ta Ha. We did not send down to you the Quran that you should be miserable." ⁷²

6075.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : لَمّا نَزَلَ علَى النَّبيِّ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله (يا أيُّها المُزَّمِّلُ* قُمِ اللَّيلَ إلّا قَليلاً)⁷³ قامَ اللَّيلَ كلَّهُ حتّى‏ تَوَرَّمَت قَدَماهُ ، فجَعَلَ يَرفَعُ رِجلاً ويَضَعُ رِجلاً ، فهَبَطَ علَيهِ جِبريلُ فقالَ : (طه) يَعني الأرضَ بِقدَمَيكَ يا محمّدُ (ما أنزَلْنا عَلَيْكَ القُرْآنَ لِتَشْقى‏)،وأنزَلَ (فاقْرأوا ما تَيَسَّرَ مِنَ القُرْآنِ)⁷⁴.⁷⁵

6075.Imam Ali (AS) said that when the verse: "O you wrapped up in your mantle, stand vigil through the night, except a little" descended onto the Prophet (SAWA), he used to stay up all night until his feet would swell up, so he would pick one foot up, and put the other down, and Gabriel came down to him saying: "Taha", meaning 'the earth is for your feet, O Muhammad', "We did not send down to you the Quran that you should be miserable", and He revealed: "So recite as much of the Quran as is feasible." ⁷⁶

6076.الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : كانَ رَسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله عِندَ عائشةَ لَيلَتَها ، فقالَت : يا رَسولَ اللَّهِ، لِمَ تُتعِبُ نَفسَكَ وقد غَفَرَ اللَّهُ لَكَ ما تَقَدَّمَ مِن ذَنبِكَ وما تأخَّرَ ؟ فقالَ : يا عائشةُ ، ألا أكونُ عَبداً شَكوراً ؟!⁷⁷

6076.Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'The Prophet (SAWA) was with A'isha on her night, and she said, 'O Messenger of Allah, why do you exhaust yourself when Allah has forgiven you what is past of your sin and what is to come?' He said, 'O A'isha, can I not be a thankful servant?!' ⁷⁸