397 - الإرث‏

397. INHERITANCE

1817 - الإرثُ‏

1817. INHERITANCE

(يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ) .¹

"Allah enjoins you concerning your children: for the male shall be the like of the share of two females, and if there be [two or] more than two females, then for them shall be two-thirds of what he leaves; but if she be alone, then for her shall be a half; and for each of his parents a sixth of what he leaves, if he has children." ²

(اُنظر) النساء : 7 - 12 ، 32 ، 33 ، 127 ، 176 ومريم : 6 والنمل : 16 والفجر : 19 .

(See also: Quran: 4:7-12,32,33,127,176, 19:6, 27:16, 89:19)

6458.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمّا سُئلَ عن عِلَّةِ إعطاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثلَ حَظِّ الاُنثَيَينِ - :إنّ المرأةَ لَيسَ علَيها جِهادٌ ولا نَفَقَةٌ ولامَعقُلَةٌ ³، وإنّما ذلكَ علَى الرِّجالِ .⁴

6458. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when he was asked about giving the male the share of two females, said, 'The woman does not have to go for prescribed war (jihad), nor spend money [for household expenses], nor pay blood money, whereas these are compulsory on the man.' ⁵

6459.الإمامُ الرِّضا عليه السلام - أيضاً - : عِلَّةُ إعطاءِ النِّساءِ نِصفَ ما يُعطَى الرِّجالُ مِن المِيراثِ لأنَّ المرأةَ إذا تَزَوَّجَت أخَذَت والرّجُلُ يُعطي ، فلِذلكَ وُفِّرَ علَى الرِّجالِ . وعِلَّةٌ اُخرى‏ في إعطاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثلَي ما يُعطَى الاُنثى‏ ، لِأنَّ الاُنثى‏ في عِيالِ الذَّكَرِ إنِ احتاجَت ، وعلَيهِ أن يَعُولَها وعلَيهِ نَفَقَتُها ، ولَيسَ علَى المَرأةِ أن تَعُولَ الرَّجُلَ ، ولا يُؤخَذُ بنَفَقَتِهِ إنِ احتاجَ ، فوَفَّرَ اللَّهُ تعالى‏ علَى الرِّجالِ لِذلكَ ، وذلكَ قَولُ اللَّهِ عزّوجلّ : (الرِّجالُ قَوّامُونَ علَى النِّساءِ بِما فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ على‏ بَعْضٍ وبِما أنفَقوا مِن أمْوالِهِم)⁶ . ⁷

6459. Imam al-Rida (AS), when he was asked about giving the male the share of two females, said, 'The reason why women are given half of what men are given from the inheritance is because when a woman marries she receives [the mahr dowry] and the man gives. Therefore it [i.e. the inheritance] is a greater amount for men. Another reason for giving the male the share of two females is because the female is under the responsibility of the male when she is in need, and he has to support her and provide for her expenses. The female does not have to support the male, nor is it taken from her expenses when he is in need. So because of this, Allah Almighty has saved this for the man, and this is according to Allah's verse: "Men are the managers of women, because of the advantage Allah has granted some of them over others, and by virtue of their spending out of their wealth." ⁸

1816 - مَن غَلَبَ هَواهُ‏

1816. HE WHO OVERCOMES HIS DESIRES

6453.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : يقولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ : وعِزَّتي وجَلالي ... لايُؤثِرُ عَبدٌ هَوايَ على‏ هَواهُ إلّا استَحفَظتُهُ مَلائكَتي ، وكَفَّلتُ السَّماواتِ والأرَضِينَ (الأرضَ) رِزقَهُ ، وكُنتُ لَهُ مِن وراءِ تِجارَةِ كُلِّ تاجِرٍ ، وأتَتهُ الدُّنيا وهِيَ راغِمَةٌ .¹

6453.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah Almighty said, 'By My Might and Exaltedness...no sooner does a servant prefer My desire over his own desire than I protect him with My angels, and charge the heavens and the earth with his sustenance. I will be for him behind every transaction of every trader, and the world will only come to him forcefully.' ²

6454.الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : قالَ اللَّه عَزَّوجلَّ : وعِزّتي وجَلالي وعَظَمَتي وبَهائي وعُلُوِّ ارتِفاعي ، لا يُؤثِرُ عَبدٌ مُؤمنٌ هَوايَ على‏ هَواهُ في شي‏ءٍ مِن أمرِ الدُّنيا إلّا جَعَلتُ غِناهُ في نَفسِهِ ، وهِمَّتَهُ في آخِرَتِهِ ، وضَمَّنتُ السَّماواتِ والأرضَ رِزقَهُ ، وكُنتُ لَهُ مِن وَراءِ تِجارَةِ كُلِّ تاجِرٍ .³

6454.Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'Allah Almighty has said, 'By My Might and Exaltedness, My Greatness and Loftiness, and by My High Status, no sooner does a servant prefer My desire over his own desire than I will suffice him in his losses, I will guarantee his sustenance upon the Heavens and the earth, and I will be for him behind every transaction of every trader.' ⁴

6455.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : مَن غَلَبَ شَهوَتَهُ ظَهَرَ عَقلُهُ .⁵

6455.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Whoever overcomes his carnal desire his intellect will become manifest.' ⁶

6456.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : بمِلكِ الشَّهوَةِ التَّنَزُّهِ عَن كُلِّ عابٍ .⁷

6456.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'In controlling desire there is immunity from every deficiency.' ⁸

6457.الإمامُ عليٌّ عليه السلام : رَدُّ الشَّهوَةِ أقضى‏ لَها ، وقَضاؤها أشَدُّ لَها .⁹

6457.Imam Ali (AS) said, 'Repelling one's desire is the best way to eradicate it, and fulfilling it only strengthens it.' ¹⁰