Chapter Five: The Military Characteristics

Encyclopedia of Imam Ali (AS), written by Muhammad Muhammadi Rayshahri, abridged by Mahdi Gholamali, translated by Zaid Alsalami and Safyullah Khan, edited by Hamid Reza Salarkia and published by NORPUB.

أ ـ أشجَعُ النّاسِ قَلبا

1. The Bravest at Heart

791. رسول اللّه صلى الله عليه و آله :

791. The Prophet (SA) said:

عَلِيٌّ أشجَعُ النّاسِ قَلبا .

Ali is the bravest of men at heart.”

المناقب لابن المغازلي : ص151 ح188 .

Al- Manaqib, by ibn al-Maghazili, p. 151, h. 188.

792. الإمام عليّ عليه السلام :

792. Imam Ali (AS) said:

إنّي وَاللّهِ لَو لَقيتُهُم واحِدا وهُم طِلاعُ  الأَرضِ كُلِّها ما بالَيتُ ،

“By God, if I had faced them alone and they had been so numerous as to fill the earth to the brim‚

ولَا استَوحَشتُ .

I would not have been concerned or felt lonely.”

نهج البلاغة : الكتاب 62 .

Nahj al-Balagha, Letter 62.

793. عنه عليه السلامـ في خُطبَتِهِ المُسَمّاةِ بِالقاصِعَةِ ـ:

793. Imam Ali (AS) said in his sermon called al-Khutba al-Qasi‘a:

أنَا وَضَعتُ فِي الصِّغَرِ بِكَلاكِلِ العَرَبِ ،

“In my youth I had humiliated the chest of [the chiefs men of] the Arabs

وكَسَرتُ نَواجِمَ قُرونِ رَبيعَةَ ومُضَرَ .

and broken the protruding horns [i.e. defeated the chiefs of the tribes] of Rabia and Mudar.”

نهج البلاغة : الخطبة 192 .

Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 192.

794. عنه عليه السلام :إنّي لَم أفِرَّ مِنَ الزَّحفِ قَطُّ ،

794. Imam Ali (AS) said: “I have never fled from the battlefield,

ولَم يُبارِزني أحَدٌ إلّا سَقَيتُ الأَرضَ مِن دَمِهِ !

nor did anyone fight me in a duel except that I watered the earth with his blood.”

الخصال : ص580 ح1 .

Al-Khisal, p. 580, h. 1.

795. الإمام الصادق عليه السلام :

795. Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said:

قيلَ لِأَميرِ المُؤمِنينَ عليه السلام :

“It was said to the Commander of the Faithful (AS),

لِمَ لا تَشتَري فَرَسا عَتيقا ؟

 ‘Why do you not buy a pedigree horse?’

قالَ : لا حاجَةَ لي فيهِ ؛ فَأَنَا لا أفِرُّ مِمَّن كَرَّ عَلَيَّ ،

He said: ‘I have no need for it, for I do not flee from him who attacks me,

ولا أكِرُّ عَلى مَن فَرَّ مِنّي .

nor do I attack him who flees from me.’ ”

الأمالي للصدوق : ص234 ح249 .

Al-Amali, by al-Saduq, p. 234, h. 249.

796. عيون الأخبار لابن قتيبة :

796. Uyun al-Akhbar by Ibn Qutayba relates:

كانَت دِرعُ عَلِيٍّ رضى الله عنه صَدرا لا ظَهرَ لَها ،

“The armour of Ali (AS) had only a front with no rear.

فَقيلَ لَهُ في ذلِكَ ،

When they inquired concerning it,

فَقالَ : إذَا استَمكَنَ عَدُوّي مِن ظَهري فَلا يُبقِ .

he said: If my enemy seizes on my rear, he will not leave me untouched.”

عيون الأخبار لابن قتيبة : ج1 ص131 .

Uyun al-Akhbar by Ibn Qutaiba, vol. 1, p. 131.

ب ـ ما رُئِيَ مِحرابٌ مِثلُهُ

2. An Unparalleled Warrior

797. النهاية عن ابن عبّاسـ في وَصفِ عَلِيٍّ عليه السلام ـ: «

797. Al-Nihaya, reports from Ibn Abbas that he said, describing Ali (AS):

ما رَأَيتُ مِحرابا مِثلَهُ مِحرابا» ؛ أي مَعروفا بِالحَربِ عارِفا بِها .

 “I have not seen a warrior like him”, that is well-known for fighting and cognizant of it.”

النهاية فى غريب الحديث : ج1 ص359 .

Al-Nihaya fi Gharib al-Hadith, vol. 1, p. 359.

798. وقعة صفّين عن معاوية :

798. Waqat Siffin, reporting from Muawiya, who said:

وَاللّهِ، ما بارَزَ ابنُ أبي طالِبٍ رَجُلاً قَطُّ إلّا سَقَى الأَرضَ مِن دَمِهِ  .

 “By God, Son of Abu Talib did not go forth in the field to encounter a man except that he watered the earth with his blood.”

وقعة صفّين : ص275 .

Waqat Siffin, p. 275.

799. المناقب لابن شهر آشوبـ فِي الإِمامِ عَلِيٍّ عليه السلام ـ:

799. Al-Manaqib by Ibn Shar Ashub relates concerning Ali (AS):

إنَّ الكُفّارَ كانوا يُسَمّونَهُ المَوتَ الأَحمَرَ ،

“ Indeed, the disbelievers would call him ‘the red death’;

سَمَّوهُ يَومَ بَدرٍ ؛

they named him so on the Day of Badr

لِعِظَمِ بَلائِهِ ونِكايَتِهِ .

due to his great galantry and utter exasperation in war.”

المناقب لابن شهر آشوب : ج2 ص68 .

Al-Manaqib by Ibn Shar Ashub, vol. 2, p. 68.

ج ـ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه و آله في جَميعِ حُروبِهِ

3. With the Prophet in All His Wars

800. الإمام عليّ عليه السلام :

800. Imam Ali (AS) said:

إنّي كُنتُ مَعَ رَسولِ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله في جمَيعِ المَواطِنِ وَالحُروبِ ،

“I was with the Messenger of God (SA) in all spots and wars

وكانَت راَيتُهُ مَعي .

and his standard was with me.”

الخصال : ص580 ح1 .

Al-Khisal, p. 580, h. 1.

801. الاستيعابـ فِي الإِمامِ عَلِيٍّ عليه السلام ـ:

801. Al-Istiab relates, concerning Imam Ali (AS):

أجمَعوا عَلى أنَّهُ صَلَّى القِبلَتَينِ ، وهاجَرَ ،

“They have agreed that he prayed towards the two Qiblas, emigrated,

وشَهِدَ بَدرا وَالحُدَيبِيَّةَ وسائِرَ المَشاهِدِ ،

witnessed Badr, Hudaybiyya and all the other battles,

وأنَّهُ أبلى بِبَدرٍ وبِاُحُدٍ وبِالخَندَقِ وبِخَيبَر بَلاءً عَظيما ،

that he manifested his prowess in [the battles of] Badr, Uhud, The Trench and Khaybar,

وأنَّهُ أغنى في تِلكَ المَشاهِدِ ، وقامَ فيهَا المَقامَ الكَريمَ .

that he showed his valour in those spots,

وكانَ لِواءُ رَسولِ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله بِيَدِهِ في مَواطِنَ كَثيرَةٍ . . .

and that the standard of the Messenger of God (SA) was in his hand in many points...

 ولَم يَتَخَلَّف عَن مَشهَدٍ شَهِدَهُ رَسولُ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله

He did not lag behind any of the battles of the Messenger of God (SA)

مُذ قَدِمَ المَدينَةَ ، إلّا تَبوكَ ؛

since he arrived in Madinah, except the battle of Tabuk,

فَإِنَّهُ خَلَّفَهُ رَسولُ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله عَلَى المَدينَةِ وعَلى عِيالِهِ بَعدَهُ في غَزوَةِ تَبوكَ ،

where the Messenger of God (SA) left him in charge of Madinah and his family,

وقالَ لَهُ : أنتَ مِنّي بِمَنزِلَةِ هارونَ مِن موسى ،

saying to him: You are in relation to me as Aaron was in relation to Moses,

إلّا أنَّهُ لا نَبِيَّ بَعدي .

except that there is no prophet after me.”

الاستيعاب : ج3 ص201 الرقم 1875 .

Al-Istiab, vol. 3, p. 201, h. 1875.

د ـ صاحِبُ رايَةِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه و آله

4. The Bearer of the Prophet’s Standard

802. رسول اللّه صلى الله عليه و آلهـ في وَصفِ عَلِيٍّ عليه السلام ـ:

802. The Prophet (SA) said, describing Ali (AS):

إنَّهُ صاحِبُ لِوائي عِندَ كُلِّ شَديدَةٍ وكَريهَةٍ .

 “ Indeed, he is the bearer of my standard in every difficult and unpleasant situation.”

تاريخ دمشق : ج42 ص331 ح8893 .

Tarikh Dimashq, vol. 42, p. 331 h. 8893.

803. المعجم الكبير عن جابر بن سمرة :

803. Al-Mujam al-Kabir, reporting from Jabir ibn Samura,

قالوا :

who said:

يا رَسولَ اللّهِ ،

“They said, O Messenger of God,

مَن يَحمِلُ رايَتَكَ يَومَ القِيامَةِ ؟

who will bear your standard on the Day of Judgement?

قالَ : مَن يُحسِنُ أن يَحمِلَها إلّا مَن حَمَلَها فِي الدُّنيا ؛ عَلِيُّ بنُ أبي طالِبٍ .

He said: Who is most suitable to bear it except that who bore it in this world, Ali ibn Abi Talib?”

المعجم الكبير : ج2 ص247 ح2036 .

Al-Mujam al-Kabir, vol. 2, p. 247, h. 2036.

804. الطبقات الكبرى عن قتادة :

804. Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, reporting from Qatada, who said:

إنَّ عَلِيَّ بنَ أبي طالِبٍ كانَ صاحِبَ لِواءِ رَسولِ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله يَومَ بَدرٍ ، وفي كُلِّ مَشهَدٍ .

 “ Indeed, Ali ibn Abi Talib was the standard bearer of the Messenger of God (SA) on the Day of Badr and in every spot.”

الطبقات الكبرى : ج3 ص23 .

Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 3, p. 23.

805. الإمام الحسن عليه السلامـ حينَ قُتِلَ عَلِيٌّ عليه السلام ـ:

805. Imam al-Hasan (AS) said, when Ali (AS) was killed,

كانَ رَسولُ اللّهِ صلى الله عليه و آله يَبعَثُهُ بِالرّايَةِ ،

“The Messenger of God (SA) would send him with the standard,

جَبرَئيلُ عَن يَمينِهِ ، وميكائيلُ عَن شِمالِهِ ،

with Gabriel on his right and Michael on his left,

لا يَنصَرِفُ حَتّى يُفتَحَ لَهُ .

so he would not turn away until God granted victory to him.”

مسند ابن حنبل : ج1 ص425 ح1719 .

Musnad Ibn Hanbal, vol. 1, p. 425, h. 1719.