in these factors can cover both pleasant and unpleasant situations and inhibit the negative reaction. This requires moral and psychological mechanisms.

Key Words: Pleasant, Unpleasant Situations, Adjustment of Reaction, Unity, Ontology, Eschatology.

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The Concept of Reason and Its Effectiveness in Two Commentaries: Mulla Salih Mazandarani’s Commentary on al-Kafi and Allama Majlisi’s Mirati al-Uqul

Fazeleh Mir Ghafoorian

Definition of aql (reason) and its effectiveness is one of the concerns of the commentators of Kafi’s narrativs. The importance attached to it is due to the Ahl al-Bayt’s narratives, peace be upon them. This paper is organized in two parts: The first part contains the definition of reason by Mulla Salih Mazandarani and Allama Majlisi. Mulla Salih had philosophical tendencies. Consequently, his definition of reason is quite influenced by his philosophical perspective. However Allama Majlisi’s critical approach to the philosophy and philosophical thinking makes his definition quite distinct from that of Mulla Salih. In the second part, the author investigates limits of reason and its role in cognition. Following Akhbaris and philosophers such as Mir Damad, Mulla Salih believes that knowledge and wisdom are natural and inherent in human beings and defines them as inefficient in this field. Allama Majlisi does not give clear comments on this topic. But given the evidence found in his commentary, it can be concluded that he considers knowledge to be theoretical and acquired.

Key Words: Reason, Knowledge, Mulla Salih Mazandarani, Allama Majlisi.

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Analysis of Denying Texts
of the Imamate by Some Ahl al-Bayt’s Relatives

Mohammad Reza Sajjaditalab

The Shia belief in Imamate is backed by mutawatir hadiths found in the Shia reliable hadith books. Due to opposition expressed by some of the relatives of the Infallible Imams, some have concluded that Imamate hadiths have been made by Shia narrators, years after the Prophet and Infallible Imams. The author of the present paper has tried to firstly present reports of some of the Imams family and companions opposition then, using historical texts and traditions show that some of the relatives of the Infallible Imams who opposed the Imamate of the Imams were familiar with the texts. Some