references to the ignored or unnoticed specific requisites of the 'Ash'ari thought, to which the opponent writer belongs; maintenance of the reverence toward the family of the Prophet PBUT throughout argumentations, unlike the opponent writer; using dilemmas against the opponent to disarm him; revealing the dual standpoints taken by the opponent; proceeding through explanation, clarification and removing the doubts; pointing to the logical fallacies; and application of the strategy of tit for tat.
Keywords: the ethics of argumentation, 'Abd al-Jalil Razi, Naqd, Ba’d Fada’ih al-Rawafid; opponent, violator.

24
The Ethical Considerations and Rites...
of Argumentation in the Book of "Naqd"

Dr. Seyyed Hasan Islami Ardakani ^۱

This article tries to present an analysis of the approach taken by 'Abd al-Jalil Razi in responding to the claims made by the author of the book of Ba’d Fada’ih al-Rawafid. Razi's approach of responding is not equally characterized in all cases. Sometimes, it is accurate, calculated critical and moral and some other times it is disputatious. Generally, Razi's book does not have a clear structure and the author has been basically concerned with responding to the objections presented in the Ba’d Fada’ih al-Rawafid, one by one. Hence, this article tries to study the characteristics of the approach in his responses and to classify the samples found throughout the book. This article has reached a classification of sixteen categories based on the key points in 'Abd al-Jalil Razi's approach. Some of these categories are: discordance about the claims made about background of Shiism;