1695 - إبراهيمُ عليه السلام‏

1695. ABRAHAM (AS) [Ibrahim]

(وَإِذِ ابْتَلَى‏ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ قَالَ إِنِّي جَاعِلُكَ لِلنَّاسِ إِمَاماً قَالَ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِي قَالَ لا يَنَالُ عَهْدِي الظَّالِمِينَ) .¹

"And when his Lord tested Abraham with certain words, and he fulfilled them, He said, 'I am making you the Imam of mankind,' Said he, 'And from among my descendants?' He said, 'My pledge does not extend to the unjust." ²

(اُنظر) آل عمران : 65 - 68 والنحل : 120 - 123 والبقرة : 125 - 132 ، 258 ، 260 والأنعام : 74 - 84 والتوبة : 114 ومريم : 41 - 48 والأنبياء : 51 - 73 والشعراء : 69 - 87 والعنكبوت : 16 - 18 ، 24 ، 27 والصافّات : 83 - 113 والزخرف : 26 - 28 والممتحنة : 4 ، 5 والنجم : 36 - 38 والأعلى : 18 ، 19 وهود : 69 - 76 وإبراهيم : 35 - 41 والحجّ : 26، 27 .

(See also: Qur'an 3:65-68, 16:120-123, 2:125-132, 2:258, 2:260, 6:74-84, 9:114, 19:41-48, 21:51-73, 26:69-87, 29:16-18, 29:24, 29:27, 37:83-113, 43:26-28, 60:4-5, 53:36-38, 87:18-19, 11:69-76, 14:35-41, 22:26-27)

5957.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : اُتيَ بإبراهيمَ يَومَ النّارِ إلَى النّارِ ، فلَمّا أبصَرَها قالَ : حَسبُنا اللَّهُ ونِعمَ الوَكيلُ .³

5957.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'On the 'day of the fire', Abraham was brought to the fire, and when he saw it he said, 'Allah is sufficient for us and He is the best supporter.' ⁴

5958.رسولُ اللَّهِ صلى اللَّه عليه وآله : ما اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ إبراهيمَ خَليلاً إلّا لإطعامهِ الطَّعامَ ، وصَلاتِهِ باللَّيلِ والنّاسُ نِيامٌ .⁵

5958.The Prophet (SAWA) said, 'Allah took Abraham as a friend only because of his feeding of food [to others] and praying of prayers in the night while people were asleep.' ⁶

5959.حَسّان بنِ عَطِيّةَ : أوّلُ مَن رَتَّبَ العَسكرَ في الحَربِ مَيمَنَةً ومَيسَرَةً وقَلباً إبراهيمُ عليه السلام، لَمّا سارَ لقِتالِ الّذينَ أسَرُوا لُوطاً عليه السلام .⁷

5959. Hassan b. Atiyya said, 'The first person to organise an army for war, with a right, left and middle wing was Abraham (AS), when he journeyed to fight those who imprisoned Lot (AS).' ⁸

5960.الإمامُ الباقرُ عليه السلام : اتَّخَذَ اللَّهُ عَزَّوجلَّ إبراهيمَ خَليلاً لأ نّهُ لَم يَرُدَّ أحَداً ، ولَم يَسألْ أحَداً غيرَ اللَّهِ عَزَّوجلَّ .⁹

5960.Imam al-Baqir (AS) said, 'Allah Almighty took Abraham as a friend because he did not refuse anyone, and did not ask anyone other than Allah Almighty.' ¹⁰

5961.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام : إنّ اللَّهَ تباركَ وتعالى‏ اتَّخَذَ إبراهيمَ عَبداً قَبلَ أن يَتَّخِذَهُ نَبيّاً ، وإنّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَهُ نَبيّاً قَبلَ أن يَتَّخِذَهُ رَسولاً ، وإنّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَهُ رَسولاً قَبلَ أن يَتَّخِذَهُ خَليلاً ، وإنّ اللَّهَ اتَّخَذَهُ خَليلاً قَبلَ أنْ يَجعَلَهُ إماماً ، فلَمّا جَمَعَ لَهُ الأشياءَ قالَ : (إنّي جاعِلُكَ لِلنّاسِ إماماً) .¹¹

5961.Imam al-Sadiq (AS) said, 'Allah Almighty took Abraham as a servant before He took him as a prophet. Allah took him as a prophet before He took him as a messenger. Allah took him as a messenger before He took him as a friend, and Allah took him as a friend before He took him as an Imam. When He gathered all these things in Abraham He said, "I am making you the Imam of mankind." ¹²¹³

قِصّةُ إبراهيمَ عليه السلام فِي القرآنِ الكريمِ :

The Story of Abraham (AS) in the Holy Quran

«كان إبراهيم عليه السلام - في طفوليّته إلى‏ أوائل تمييزه - يعيش في معزل من مجتمع قومه ، ثمّ خرج إليهم ولحق بأبيه فوجده وقومه يعبدون الأصنام ، فلم يرتضِ منه ومنهم ذلك ...
يحاجّ القوم في أمر الأصنام (الأنبياء : 51 - 56 ، الشعراء : 69 - 77 ، الصافّات : 83 - 87) ويحاجّ أقواماً آخرين منهم يعبدون الشمس والقمر والكوكب في أمرها حتّى‏ ألزمهم الحقّ ، وشاع خبره في الانحراف عن الأصنام والآلهة (الأنعام : 74 - 82) حتّى‏ خرج القوم ذات يوم إلى‏ عبادةٍ جامعة خارجَ البلد واعتلّ هو بالسقم فلم يخرج معهم وتخلّف عنهم، فدخل بيت الأصنام فراغ على‏ آلهتهم ضرباً باليمين فجعلهم جُذاذاً إلّا كبيراً لهم لعلّهم إليه يرجعون ، فلمّا تراجعوا وعلموا بما حدث بآلهتهم وفتّشوا عمّن ارتكب ذلك قالوا : سمعنا فتىً يذكرهم يقال له : إبراهيم .
فأحضروه إلى‏ مجمعهم فأتوا به على‏ أعين الناس لعلّهم يشهدون ، فاستنطقوه فقالوا : أأنت فعلت هذا بآلهتنا يا إبراهيم ؟ قال : بل فعله كبيرهم هذا فاسألوهم إن كانوا ينطقون ، وقد كان أبقى‏ كبيرَ الأصنام ولم يجذّه ووضع الفأس على عاتقه أو ما يقرب من ذلك ؛ ليشهد الحال على‏ أ نّه هو الذي كسر سائر الأصنام .
قالوا : حَرِّقوه وانصروا آلهتكم ، فبنوا له بنياناً وأسعروا فيه جحيماً من النار ، وقد تشارك في أمره الناس جميعاً وألقوه في الجحيم ، فجعله اللَّه بَرداً عليه وسلاماً وأبطل كيدهم (الأنبياء : 57 - 70 ، الصافّات : 88 - 98) . . .
ثمّ لمّا أنجاه اللَّه من النار أخذ يدعو إلَى الدين الحنيف دين التوحيد ، فآمن له شرذمة قليلة ...
ثمّ تبرّأ هو عليه السلام ومن معه من المؤمنين من قومهم ، وتبرّأ هو من آزر الذي كان يدعوه أباً ولم يكن بوالده الحقيقيّ‏¹⁴ ، وهاجر ومعه زوجته ولوط إلَى الأرض المقدّسة ليدعو اللَّه سبحانه من غير معارض يعارضه من قومه الجفاة الظالمين (الممتحنة : 4 ، الأنبياء : 71). وبشّره اللَّه سبحانه هناك بإسماعيل وبإسحاق ومن وراء إسحاق يعقوب ، وقد شاخ وبلغه كبر السنّ فولد له إسماعيل ثمّ ولد له إسحاق ، وبارك اللَّه سبحانه فيه وفي ولدَيه وأولادهما .
ثمّ إنّه عليه السلام بأمر من ربّه ذهب إلى‏ أرض مكّة - وهي وادٍ غير ذي زرع - فأسكن فيه ولده إسماعيل وهو صبيّ ورجع إلَى الأرض المقدّسة ، فنشأ إسماعيل هناك ، واجتمع عليه قوم من العرب القاطنين هناك ، وبُنيت بذلك بلدة مكّة .
وكان عليه السلام ربّما يزور إسماعيل في أرض مكّة ، قبل بناء مكّة والبيت وبعد ذلك (البقرة : 126 ، إبراهيم : 35 - 41) . ثمّ بنى‏ بها الكعبة البيت الحرام ، بمشاركة من إسماعيل . وهي أوّل بيت وُضع للناس من جانب اللَّه مباركاً وهُدىً للعالمين، فيه آيات بيّنات مقام إبراهيم ومن دخله كان آمناً (البقرة : 127 - 129 ، آل عمران : 96، 97) وأذّنَ في الناس بالحجّ ، وشرّع نسك الحجّ (الحجّ : 26 - 30) .
ثمّ أمره اللَّه بذبح ولده إسماعيل عليه السلام فخرج معه للنُّسك، فلمّا بلغ معه السعي قال : يا بُنيّ إنّي أرى‏ في المنام أ نّي أذبحك ، قال : يا أبتِ افعلْ ما تُؤمر ستجدني إن شاء اللَّه من الصابرين ، فلمّا أسلما وتَلَّه للجبين نودي أن : يا إبراهيم ، قد صدّقتَ الرؤيا ، وفداه اللَّه سبحانه بذِبح عظيم (الصافّات : 101 - 107) .¹⁵

Abraham (AS) from his young childhood till his age of puberty was living in seclusion from the community of his people. He then returned to them and joined his uncle, but saw him and his group worshipping idols and did not accept his or their actions. He started to debate with them about the issue of idol worship (Quran 20:51-56, 26:69-77, 37:83-87), and he debated with other people in their beliefs in worshipping the sun, moon, and the stars until he demonstrated the proof to them. News of him and his deviation from these idols and false gods spread (Quran 6:74-82). One day a group went out for congregational worship outside of the city, but he came up with the excuse of being sick. He therefore did not leave with them and he stayed behind. He went to the house where the statues were kept and started demolishing them, reducing them to dust, but he left the big statue for them so that they would refer to it. When they came back and learnt of what had happened to their gods and searched for who the culprit was, they were told: We heard a young person by the name of Abraham mentioning them.
They brought him to their gathering and put him in front of all the people so that they could witness. They ordered him to speak, saying, 'Are you the one who has done this to our gods, O Abraham?' He said, 'No, rather it was the big one of them who did it, so ask them if they can speak.' He had left the biggest of the statues and had not broken it and had put an axe on its shoulder or something similar to that, so that he could demonstrate that it was the big statue that had broken the other statues.
They said, 'Burn him and help your gods!' So, they built a building and ignited it. All the people participated, and they threw him in the fire, but Allah made it cold and safe for him and nullified their conspiracy (Quran 21:57-70, 37:88-98).
Then when Allah had rescued him from the fire, he began to call people to the upright religion, the religion of monotheism, but only a small group of people believed. Abraham (AS) and some of the believers with him then disclaimed all association with their people, and he disassociated himself from Azar whom he used to call a father but who was not his real father. ¹⁶ He migrated with his wife and Lot (AS) to the sacred land to call to Allah Almighty without any obstacle impeding them from their oppresssive crude people (Quran 60:4, 21:71).
Allah Almighty gave him the glad tidings there of Ishmael and Isaac, and of Jacob after Isaac. Abraham (AS) became very old and he had Ishmael, and then Isaac was born, and Allah blessed him and his two children and their children.
Then, due to a command from his Lord, Abraham went to the land of Makkah - which was an untilled valley - and he left his son Ishmael to live there who was at that time a young child, and he went back to the sacred land. Ishmael grew up there and a group of Arabs gathered around him who were inhabitants there and the city of Makkah was established from then. Abraham (AS) might have visited Ishmael in the land of Makkah before building Makkah and the House and after it (Quran 2:126, 14:35-41). Abraham then built the Kaba in it - the Sacred House - with the help of Ishmael. It was the first house made for the people by Allah Almighty as a blessing and a [source of] guidance for all mankind. In it are signs and evidences, the site (maqam) of Abraham, and whoever enters it will be safe (Quran 2:127-129, 3:96-97). He proclaimed the obligatory pilgrimage to it (hajj) to people and legislated the rituals of hajj (Quran 22:26-30).
Allah then ordered him to slaughter his son Ishmael (AS) [in sacrifice] and so he left with his son to the rituals. When he reached the [place of the] Sai he said, 'My son! I see in a dream that I am sacrificing you. See what you think.' He said, 'Father! Do whatever you have been commanded. If Allah wills, you will find me to be of the patient.' So when they had both submitted [to Allah's will], and he had laid him down on his forehead, it was called out to him, 'O Abraham! You have indeed fulfilled the vision!' And so Allah ransomed him with a great sacrifice. (Quran 101-107). ¹⁷