397 - الإرث‏

397. INHERITANCE

1817 - الإرثُ‏

1817. INHERITANCE

(يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ فَإِنْ كُنَّ نِسَاءً فَوْقَ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصْفُ وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ) .¹

"Allah enjoins you concerning your children: for the male shall be the like of the share of two females, and if there be [two or] more than two females, then for them shall be two-thirds of what he leaves; but if she be alone, then for her shall be a half; and for each of his parents a sixth of what he leaves, if he has children." ²

(اُنظر) النساء : 7 - 12 ، 32 ، 33 ، 127 ، 176 ومريم : 6 والنمل : 16 والفجر : 19 .

(See also: Quran: 4:7-12,32,33,127,176, 19:6, 27:16, 89:19)

6458.الإمامُ الصّادقُ عليه السلام - لَمّا سُئلَ عن عِلَّةِ إعطاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثلَ حَظِّ الاُنثَيَينِ - :إنّ المرأةَ لَيسَ علَيها جِهادٌ ولا نَفَقَةٌ ولامَعقُلَةٌ ³، وإنّما ذلكَ علَى الرِّجالِ .⁴

6458. Imam al-Sadiq (AS), when he was asked about giving the male the share of two females, said, 'The woman does not have to go for prescribed war (jihad), nor spend money [for household expenses], nor pay blood money, whereas these are compulsory on the man.' ⁵

6459.الإمامُ الرِّضا عليه السلام - أيضاً - : عِلَّةُ إعطاءِ النِّساءِ نِصفَ ما يُعطَى الرِّجالُ مِن المِيراثِ لأنَّ المرأةَ إذا تَزَوَّجَت أخَذَت والرّجُلُ يُعطي ، فلِذلكَ وُفِّرَ علَى الرِّجالِ . وعِلَّةٌ اُخرى‏ في إعطاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثلَي ما يُعطَى الاُنثى‏ ، لِأنَّ الاُنثى‏ في عِيالِ الذَّكَرِ إنِ احتاجَت ، وعلَيهِ أن يَعُولَها وعلَيهِ نَفَقَتُها ، ولَيسَ علَى المَرأةِ أن تَعُولَ الرَّجُلَ ، ولا يُؤخَذُ بنَفَقَتِهِ إنِ احتاجَ ، فوَفَّرَ اللَّهُ تعالى‏ علَى الرِّجالِ لِذلكَ ، وذلكَ قَولُ اللَّهِ عزّوجلّ : (الرِّجالُ قَوّامُونَ علَى النِّساءِ بِما فَضَّلَ اللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ على‏ بَعْضٍ وبِما أنفَقوا مِن أمْوالِهِم)⁶ . ⁷

6459. Imam al-Rida (AS), when he was asked about giving the male the share of two females, said, 'The reason why women are given half of what men are given from the inheritance is because when a woman marries she receives [the mahr dowry] and the man gives. Therefore it [i.e. the inheritance] is a greater amount for men. Another reason for giving the male the share of two females is because the female is under the responsibility of the male when she is in need, and he has to support her and provide for her expenses. The female does not have to support the male, nor is it taken from her expenses when he is in need. So because of this, Allah Almighty has saved this for the man, and this is according to Allah's verse: "Men are the managers of women, because of the advantage Allah has granted some of them over others, and by virtue of their spending out of their wealth." ⁸