apply to hadith too. No doubt, based on many evidences and examples, its application to the Prophetic hadith is a must, but to the Infallible Imams hadith does not seem to be easy. Key Words: Abrogation, Hadith, the Holy Prophet, the Infallible Imams, peace be upon them.

Hamzeh Haji

Causes for Issuing Hadith, Authenticity and Deficiencies, Typology

Hadith, as the second source of Islamic source, has a special place in Islam. A proper knowledge of hadith plays a fundamental role in locating hadith in such a high position. Incorrect knowledge of hadith not only challenges its status but distorts the fact of faith and weakens its reliability. In ordered to understand hadith, many sciences should be studied. Knowledge of causes for issuing hadith is one of them. There are different causes for issuing hadith which are of different degree of reliability. On the other hand there are some mistakes that we should be bewaring of committing them. If appropriate attention is not paid, this knowledge will be useless and inefficient and make hadith comprehension more complicated. In this paper, the author tries to view the causes for issuing hadith from different perspectives and regards its reliability as a strategy for a better understanding of hadith. He also deals with setbacks in the way of this knowledge. Key Words: Causes for Hadith, Authenticity, Deficiencies, Banes, Comprehension of Hadith.

Madi Bayat Mokhtari Ph. D.

Considering Fadl ibn Shadan’s Narrations from Imam Rida as Unauthentic

Sheikh Saduq’s books specially Man la Yahdaruh al-Faqih, `Ilal al- Sharai`, and Uyun al-Akhbar al-Reda are full of narrations by Fadl ibn Shadhan Nayshaboori from Imam Rida, peace be upon him. During past centuries, Islamic scholars specially faqihs (jurisprudents) have utilized those narrations while making a religious decision or passing a judgment. In Wasail al-Shi`a, there are 350 narrations by Fadl ibn Shadhan from Imam Rida which are regarded as the fundamental sources of Ijtihad. Contemporary hadith scholar, Mohammad Baqer Behboodi, refers to Rijal of Kashi and Tusi and concludes that Fadl was born after martyrdom of Imam Rida. Thus he regards those narrations as unreliable. The author of the present paper investigates Rijal of Kashi and Tusi, while taking into consideration some historical evidences as well as Fadl’s teachers and